Michael Crichton’s Prey is an example of this subgenre. In this genre, nanotech is any technology that manipulates matter on a molecular or supramolecular scale. Nanopunk is similar to cyberpunk and biopunk but instead of cybernetics and biotechnology, it uses nanotechnology as its central motif. Though it identifies more as a blend of the Western and espionage genres, the use of advanced tech inspired by Jules Verne’s works made it end up as steampunk-ish. The tv series The Wild Wild West is a good example of this. In the rugged frontier, you’ll find cowboys firing steam-powered guns, automatons serving whiskey in saloons, and people riding airships. CattlepunkĬattlepunk is basically steampunk fiction that is set in the Wild West instead of the 19th century. The Fallout video game series is perhaps the most popular example of this subgenre, though it does take place in a post-apocalyptic setting instead of a dystopian one. It describes a retro-futuristic future (commonly during the Cold War) where technology is largely powered by nuclear energy. AtompunkĪtompunk draws heavily on the Atomic, Jet, and Space ages. Tasked by the archangel Gabriel, a clockmaker’s apprentice must make the dangerous journey to rewind it. The Earth is likened to a watch, whose mainspring (a metal ribbon that serves as the power source of a watch) is running down. Think of it as steampunk without the steam, focusing instead on Da Vincian or gear-powered machinery. ClockpunkĬlockpunk portrays clockwork technology set in an era reminiscent of the Renaissance or Enlightenment. A person’s value is judged by the quality of their genetics so parents “design” their children through genetic selection, guaranteeing that their kids get the best traits from both adults. In this subgenre, you’ll find human experimentation, genetic engineering, eugenics, and totalitarian authorities who misuse biotechnology for profit and power.Ī good example is the film Gattaca, where eugenics is common in a future society. BiopunkĪs its name suggests, biopunk speculates on a dystopian future overrun by the dangers of biotechnology and synthetic biology. Check out these less popular types of punk fiction instead. We’ve already talked about cyberpunk and steampunk at length so they won’t make an appearance in this list. Each one blends the rebellious, nihilistic spirit of punk counterculture with any other type of speculative fiction. Over the years, writers have created more niche types of punk fiction. They’re two of the most popular punk genres that exist, but hardly the only ones you can read. When you talk about “punk” in literature and other media, you usually think about cyberpunk and steampunk.
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